The emergence of encysted larvae from the intestinal mucosa in horses is associated with which condition?

The emergence of encysted larvae from the intestinal mucosa in horses is specifically associated with cyathostomiasis, which is a parasitic disease caused by small strongyles (cyathostomes). These larvae can encyst in the intestinal wall for extended periods, making them particularly problematic in the management of equine health.

When conditions are favorable, such as when the horse experiences stress or changes in environmental conditions, these encysted larvae can emerge simultaneously into the intestinal lumen. This can lead to severe gastrointestinal issues, including inflammation and colitis, as the horses suffer from a rapid increase in worm burden. The symptoms may include weight loss, diarrhea, and colic, making it critical for horse owners and veterinarians to recognize and treat this condition effectively.

The other options listed do not relate to the encysted larvae phenomenon. Colitis refers to inflammation of the colon and is not directly linked to the emergence of encysted larvae. Heaves is a respiratory condition and doesn't involve intestinal parasites. Equine infectious anemia is a viral disease that affects the horse's immune system rather than being associated with parasitic larvae. Thus, cyathostomiasis is the correct link to encysted larvae emerging from the intestinal mucosa.