What role do wild animals play in the epidemiology of heartworm?

Wild animals play a significant role in the epidemiology of heartworm by serving as reservoirs for the parasite. In particular, species such as coyotes, foxes, and raccoons can become infected with the heartworm larvae, which are transmitted by mosquitoes. These wild animals can maintain the lifecycle of the heartworm, allowing the parasite to remain in the environment even when domestic pets are not present.

By acting as reservoirs, they contribute to the ongoing transmission of heartworm to domestic animals, particularly dogs and cats, through mosquitoes that bite the infected wild animals and then bite pets. This interaction is essential in understanding why heartworm continues to be a concern in many regions, as it highlights the interconnection between wildlife and domestic animal health. Awareness of this dynamic can help in developing better prevention strategies for pets by considering the influence of wild animal populations in the area.