Which parasite is capable of infecting both ruminants and other species such as horses and pigs?

The ability of a parasite to infect a range of species is crucial for understanding its transmission dynamics and potential impact on livestock. Trichostrongylus axei is a strongylid nematode known to infect both ruminants and specific other animals, including horses and pigs. This adaptability makes it significant in veterinary medicine and parasite management strategies.

A characteristic feature of Trichostrongylus axei is its wide host range, which allows it to thrive in diverse environments. It can inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of both ruminants, like cattle and sheep, and non-ruminants, including horses and pigs, which facilitates cross-infection and complicates control measures in mixed-species settings.

The other parasites listed are more host-specific or have narrow host ranges. Haemonchus contortus predominantly affects ruminants, particularly sheep and goats. Oesophagostomum radiatum is primarily found in cattle and doesn't exhibit the same level of cross-infection potential as Trichostrongylus axei. Strongyloides ransomi is specific to swine and does not infect ruminants or other species. This distinguishes Trichostrongylus axei as a versatile parasite with implications for managing